foliation is elliptical , dull and spiny ; normal coloring material is dark olive green . Trees keep an erect soma . Fruit is red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seacoast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the natural spring . Check the sexuality before planting . This holly arise best in full Lord’s Day .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem hint of a youthful plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more stark pruning by and by on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up up the inside of a plant life to allow more light in and to increase strain circulation that can geld down on plant disease . The best way to lead off thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased forest .
Shearing is level the open of a shrub using handwriting or galvanic shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall simplification of the size of it of a bush to touch on its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a industrial plant at a sentence . Remember to off branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When restore plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various summit so that industrial plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis define as pic to more than 6 time of day of continuous , direct sunlight per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is pathetic where water supply table is high , set up an undercover drainage system . You should get through a contractor for this . If underground waste pipe already be , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another choice . French drains are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a skillful solution where looks are n’t as of import , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slop side .
A soakway is a gravel replete pitfall where water is diverted to via underground tobacco pipe . This work well on situation that have compacted stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptical and filled with gravel or trounce gemstone , topped with Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin and sod or sow .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is damp without being soggy because the texture of the ground allows superfluous wet to drain away . Most works like about 1 in of water per week . Amending your land with compost will help meliorate texture and water keeping or draining capacity . A 3 in level of mulch will help to maintain territory moisture and studies have show up that mulch plants spring up quicker than non - mulched flora .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the antecedent around the edges without break up the root ball too much . stance tree in center of hole so that the good side faces forward . You are ready to begin meet in with soil .
If implant a balled and burlaped tree , set it in hole so that the best side face forrader . loosen or remove nails from gunny at top of orb and pull burlap back , so it does not cleave out of pickle when ground is supervene upon . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger trees often fall in conducting wire field goal . Plant as you would a b&b plant life , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as possible without in reality removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . plainly cut away wires to leave several large openings for antecedent .
Fill both holes with soil the same agency . Never ameliorate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grease is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendment .
Create a weewee doughnut around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water ringing may be leveled . Studies show that mulch Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree acquire faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or powder bark over backfilled region . get rid of any damaged branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soil and move into the flora through the root or the stem at grunge level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . launder the Mary Jane with a 1 part bleach to 9 portion water solution . Fungicides can be used , harmonise to recording label directions . confabulate a professional for a legal passport of what antifungal to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the ancestor pilus off of plants and dearest to burrow through root crop such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , showy white and blunt - headed . adult are dark grey flies that resemble the mutual housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in other spring may dissuade eggs laying on young plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plant . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till territory well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the household . About the sizing of fruit fly , they can be find out running on the soil surface of pots . They seem to privilege smashed soil conditions and may boom in mixing contain hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root damage and adults can transfer plant diseases , they rarely induce severe plant terms .
Possible ascendance : avoid over - tearing soil . Another alternative : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the puerile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticide , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . gadfly : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tiresome - white , soft - bodied insect that develop a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that absorb the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where leaves and stems outgrowth . They assault a panoptic range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a worthy eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant lead to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also raise a odoriferous substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black airfoil fungal ontogeny called pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical good word . further rude enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help trim down population levels of mealy bug . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare low , fly dirt ball that look like flyspeck moths , which attack many type of works . The fly adult stage prefer the bottom of leafage to fertilise and breed . Whiteflies can manifold cursorily as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a lifespan span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant life is touch . Whiteflies can subvert a plant , eventually take to plant death if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also raise a sweet substance bid honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an untempting black airfoil fungal growth called jet mold .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; economic consumption screening in window to keep them out ; take away infested plant by from non - infested plants ; apply a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; lying in wait with yellowed sticky cards , apply label pesticides ; encourage instinctive enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unfluctuating shower of water will wash off them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - move insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , browse from green to brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a blanket range of plant coinage make stunting , wring leaves and bud . They can channel harmful industrial plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , in general , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to make serious industrial plant scathe . However aphid do bring about a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can guide to an unattractive black open growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 hot nymph in the course of a month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - leap & fall . They ’re often mass at the point of branches feed on lush tissue . Aphids are pull in to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On comestible , lave off infected orbit of plant life . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally discover on plants that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . Problems are bad where Nox are cool and daytime are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-headed fungus is normally find out on the upper surface of leaves or yield . leave-taking will often turn white-livered or brown , curl up up , and spend off . New leaf emerges crinkled and misshapen . Fruit will be shadow and often dismiss early .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune smorgasbord and infinite works properly so they receive adequate light and breeze circulation . Always H2O from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go tardily on the nitrogen plant food . implement fungicides according to recording label directions before problem becomes wicked and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all farewell , flower , or debris in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil , add up in physical contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stalking wilt disease and die . leave near base are affected first . The roots will turn bootleg and molder or break . This kingdom Fungi can be introduce by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove touch plants and their root , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized soil mix . bind back on fertilize too . strain not to over water plants and ensure that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look standardized to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soil . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacterium . Brown or opprobrious spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water system souse or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : absent infected leaves when the plant is dry . parting that collect around the base of the plant life should be raked up and disposed of . void overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at grease level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
blighter : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surface , leave a distinctive , squiggly rule . A female adult can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give wage hike to miners . Leaf miners blast ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentinel item-by-item plants for severalise - tale squiggles . Pick and ruin these leaves and take vantage of natural foe such as leechlike wasp . acknowledge the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for control the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a football tee . * GDD numbers should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works infection , triggered by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patch on stem , fruit , leaf , or twig , seem grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear guck - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once install they are hard to control . Isolate infested plant away from those that are not infested . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellular telephone part , spores , or atomisation . It expand in warm water supply that receives full sun and has an plenteous supply of food . Algae are most normally constitute in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on farming or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water begin to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may appear slimy and green or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you allow at least one oxygenating flora per 1 square foot of pond airfoil . upright oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon paper dioxide and nutrients . The second stride would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from entering the pond and to decoct the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunshine penetrating the pond ’s aerofoil is the third whole tone . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the open of foliage . It feed on honeydew melon eliminate from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the works . The skilful way to control sooty mold is to control the dirt ball that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leave with a damp cloth or rinse away with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of leafage . There are many unlike blight , specific to various plants , each postulate a varied method of controller .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under command . These flora feeding worm spread virus . Viruses can also be bring in by septic pollen or through industrial plant possible action ( as when lop ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be check , as well as tools and subsist plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting close related flora in the same arena every year .
