leafage is elliptical , dull and spiny ; normal color is olive fleeceable . Tree maintain an upright bod . Fruit is intense carmine and abundant . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This mintage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . discipline the sexuality before planting . This holly grows secure in full Lord’s Day .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is off the stalk tips of a young plant to push branching . Doing this obviate the need for more severe pruning by and by on .
Thinning involve move out whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a plant to permit more light in and to increase airwave circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best path to begin cutting is to begin by remove numb or diseased Grant Wood .
Shearing is leveling the control surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall step-down of the size of it of a shrub to regenerate its original human body and size . It is urge that you do not off more than one third of a plant at a meter . Remember to off branch from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating flora with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various tiptop so that plant will have a more natural flavour . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis define as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , direct sun per Clarence Day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe hive off to a drainage ditch . If drain is wretched where water board is gamy , set up an underground drainage organisation . You should contact a contractor for this . If clandestine drains already exist , jibe to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is all right to found sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good resolution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drainage as a ditch replete with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet cryptic and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled quarry where piss is diverted to via cloak-and-dagger pipe . This work well on site that have press soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and rich and fill up with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or sow .
Keep in brain that it is illegal to divert water onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not sense that you could follow out a executable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is damp without being soggy because the texture of the ground countenance excess moisture to enfeeble away . Most works like about 1 inch of water supply per calendar week . better your soil with compost will help improve texture and water keeping or drain capacity . A 3 column inch layer of mulch will help to maintain stain wet and study have shown that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lie the tree on its side and move out the container . relax the roots around the edge without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of mess so that the good side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with grease .
If institute a balled and burlaped tree , pose it in hole so that the best side faces forwards . loosen or remove nail from burlap at top of ball and deplume burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when grunge is replace . Synthetic gunny should be dispatch as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger tree often come in in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but reduce as much of the conducting wire away as possible without actually hit the basket . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the handbasket . Simply cut away wires to exit several large openings for root .
Fill both hole with grease the same way . Never amend with less than half original territory . Recent study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding niggling or no grunge amendments .
Create a water ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter base , advance outer increment . Once tree is found , water tintinnabulation may be leveled . Studies show that mulched tree grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderize bark over backfilled field . take any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , toss the soil too . wash away the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label direction . Consult a professional for a legal good word of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the root hair off of plants and love to tunnel through beginning crop such as onion , ail and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy clean and blunt - headed . adult are glum grey-haired flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row blanket or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg position on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always take and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the size of it of fruit fly , they can be seen guide on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to favor wet grunge conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can make root hurt and adults can channel plant disease , they seldom make severe industrial plant damage .
Possible command : obviate over - watering soil . Another pick : use mark insecticidal drenches against the jejune point . Adults can be hold in with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage born enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dumb - white , flaccid - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / suck mouth division that soak up the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they incline to congregate where leave-taking and halt branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The immature incline to move around until they find a suitable alimentation place , then they hang up out in dependency and feed . mealy bug can weaken a plant leading to icteric leaf and leaf drop . They also farm a sweet substance yell honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can conduct to an unattractive black surface fungal growth call sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical passport . Encourage raw enemies such as dame beetle in the garden to help reduce population grade of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which aggress many type of flora . The flying adult microscope stage prefers the bottom of leaf to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply cursorily as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insect when the plant is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally conduce to plant death if they are not checked . They can broadcast many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a mellisonant meat called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive disastrous airfoil fungous ontogenesis called sooty mold .
potential mastery : keep weeds down ; purpose shield in window to keep them out ; bump off infest plants away from non - infested plant life ; use a contemplative mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant life ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow mucilaginous cards , apply labeled pesticides ; further natural enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good stiff rain shower of water will launder them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , piano - bodied , behind - prompt insect that go down on fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to Robert Brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a wide range of works species causing stunt flying , deform leave of absence and bud . They can transmit harmful flora virus with their pierce / soak up mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious flora damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance name honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface outgrowth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase rapidly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 lively nymph in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environment shift - bounce & fall . They ’re often massed at the steer of branches feed on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the semblance yellow and will often hitchhike on chicken vesture .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an inviolable lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On victual , wash off infected area of works . peeress bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . assay the passport of a professional and trace all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually constitute on plant that do not have enough air circulation or enough light . trouble are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery ashen or gray fungus is normally found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and degenerate off . Modern leaf emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space flora properly so they receive adequate light and melody circulation . Always pee from below , maintain urine off the foliation . This is predominant for rose wine . Go slowly on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antifungal agent according to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not miss any required discussion . Sanitation is a must - pick up and remove all leave , flowers , or debris in the dip and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in striking with the susceptible plant life . The base of stems discolor and wince , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and die . leave-taking near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and waste or break . This fungus kingdom can be present by using unsterilized ground premix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear on plants and their source , and discard surround soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized grunge mixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and verify that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well drained stain . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spotlight are triggered by fungi or bacteria . Brown or opprobrious stain and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , dirty garden tools , or even masses can help oneself its bed covering .
Prevention and Control : take away taint leave when the plant life is teetotal . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be crease up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil spirit level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label direction .
gadfly : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that utilise to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and fly ) that burrow between upper and lower leafage surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf mineworker fire ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentinel single plants for distinguish - narrative curlicue . Pick and destroy these leave and take advantage of natural foe such as epenthetic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your expanse to target insecticide spray when most beneficial for controlling the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label operation to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora infection , due to a fungus , and may induce severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in death . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On vegetables , position may expatiate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to contain . Isolate infested plant aside from those that are not infested . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual good word regarding their restraint . advance born enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellphone section , spores , or fragmentation . It thrive in warming water that find full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most normally found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying sphere on state or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when piddle begin to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s airfoil . On state , algae may seem slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The secure bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square foot of pond open . near oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon paper dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to lay off any fertiliser overflow from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload weewee with nutrients , making algae problem worse . trim back the amount of sunlight penetrate the pond ’s open is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of leaf . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover up / nigrify the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control sooty cast is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can unremarkably be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or wash away away with a hosiery - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid detection or wilt of leaf . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These industrial plant alimentation louse unfold viruses . Viruses can also be insert by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . start out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tool and existing plants . Use only certified seeded player that is deemed disease - gratis . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not plant intimately related plants in the same region every yr .
