Ferns are one of the early shape of plant life on the satellite , living over 300 million years ago according to the American Fern Society . It only make sense , then , that having rack up so much metre on earth , ferns have acquire into over 12,000 dissimilar species today . From the Boston or blade ferns that most of us are familiar with , the species has expanded to let in huge ferns that front like thenar tree diagram as well as the tiny mosquito ferns with frond that are 1/16 - in long . Despite this variety , and the fact that ferns develop in different surround all over the macrocosm , they all have many similar parts .
Fronds
The leafy part of the fern familiar to all is called the frond ; it is separate into the husk , called the " stipe , " and the many leafy sections , anticipate the " blades . " Tree ferns have the large frond , up to 12 feet in length . The blades look in different forms , rive into divisions with more or fewer leaves attached to the blades . Sword fern , for example , have close spaced , small leaflets whereas some form of Boston fern have more finely skip or feathery pamphlet .
Rhizomes
Rhizomes are the stems of ferns and can be either above or below the ground . Rhizomes contain the vena , which carry water and nutrient to the fronds . frond come out straightaway from the rootstock .
Roots
Roots are prosperous to recognise in fern and are ordinarily found on the rhizome , although in some species they grow from the stipe . As with all plants , roots allow the plant life to sit firmly in the ground and to convey water and food into the rhizomes .
Sporangia
The procreative part of a fern are call in the " spore sac , " and they carry the tiny " spores " that function as seeds to allow the fern to reproduce . sporangium are located in different part of different ferns , but all appear as little intumescent dots . Some spore sac are grouped together in a " sorus . " Most ferns ' spore sac appear on the bottom of the frond and are arranged in a harmonious pattern . Sometimes ferns have a masking over the sporangia called an " indusium . "
Spores
Most ferns practice spores , the seed of ferns , for facts of life . Ferns produce and release millions of spores throughout their lifespan , with only a few taking root and growing into small plants call " prothallia . " The prothallia is a unique plant in its own rightfulness and it functions as both the male and female organ for a future fern . A fertilized egg , or " sporophyte , " is formed on the prothallia , and goes on to become a fern .
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